The torus

Place the aluminum sheet on a wooden cylinder with a concave rut. Bend it along the shape of the cylinder.


Use the sharp end of the hammer smash the part above the concave rut to create the curve in the middle. Use the sharper hammer beating on the reversed surface on a sand bag. So that the curves on reverse direction is created.


Use the planishing hammer and the bending steel to adjust the arc of the curve.


Use the metal polish liquid to make the surface of the object smooth and shining.


The final product